問題描述
我正在嘗試編寫一個(gè)函數(shù)裝飾器，它使用 Python 3.6 類型提示來檢查參數(shù)字典是否尊重類型提示，如果沒有明確說明問題，則引發(fā)錯(cuò)誤，以用于 HTTP API.
I'm trying to write a function decorator that uses Python 3.6 type hints to check that a dictionary of arguments respects the type hints and if not raise an error with a clear description of the problem, to be used for HTTP APIs.
問題是當(dāng)函數(shù)有一個(gè)使用 Union 類型的參數(shù)時(shí)，我無法在運(yùn)行時(shí)檢查變量.
The problem is that when the function has a parameter using the Union type I can't check a variable against it at runtime.
比如我有這個(gè)功能
from typing import Union
def bark(myname: str, descr: Union[int, str], mynum: int = 3) -> str:
return descr + myname * mynum
我能做到:
isinstance('Arnold', bark.__annotations__['myname'])
但不是:
isinstance(3, bark.__annotations__['descr'])
因?yàn)?Union 不能與 isinstance 或 issubclass 一起使用.
Because Union cannot be used with isinstance or issubclass.
我找不到使用類型對(duì)象檢查它的方法.我嘗試自己實(shí)施檢查，但是當(dāng) bark.__annotations__['descr'] 在 REPL 中顯示為 typing.Union[int, str] 我不能在運(yùn)行時(shí)訪問類型列表，如果不使用檢查 bark.__annotations__['descr'].__repr__() 的丑陋技巧.
I couldn't find a way to check it using the type object.
I tried to implement the check by myself but while bark.__annotations__['descr'] is shown as typing.Union[int, str] in the REPL I can't access the list of the types at runtime, if not using the ugly hack of examining bark.__annotations__['descr'].__repr__().
是否有適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉碓L問這些信息?還是故意讓它在運(yùn)行時(shí)不易訪問?
Is there a proper way to access this information? Or is it deliberately intended to not be easily accessible at runtime?
推薦答案
你可以使用 Union 的 __args__ 屬性，它包含一個(gè) tuple可能的內(nèi)容:
You could use the __args__ attribute of Union which holds a tuple of the "possible contents:
>>> from typing import Union
>>> x = Union[int, str]
>>> x.__args__
(int, str)
>>> isinstance(3, x.__args__)
True
>>> isinstance('a', x.__args__)
True
__args__ 參數(shù)沒有記錄，因此它可能被認(rèn)為是弄亂了實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)"，但它似乎比解析 repr 更好.
The __args__ argument is not documented so it could be considered "messing with implementation details" but it seems like a better way than parsing the repr.
這篇關(guān)于在 Python 3.6 中運(yùn)行時(shí)根據(jù)聯(lián)合類型檢查變量的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對(duì)大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！