問題描述
在 C++ 中用于游戲的好的隨機(jī)數(shù)生成器是什么?
我的考慮是:
- 需要大量隨機(jī)數(shù)，所以速度不錯(cuò).
- 玩家總是會(huì)抱怨隨機(jī)數(shù)，但我希望能夠向他們指出一個(gè)參考資料，說明我確實(shí)做到了我的工作.
- 由于這是一個(gè)我沒有太多時(shí)間參與的商業(yè)項(xiàng)目，如果算法 a) 相對(duì)容易實(shí)現(xiàn)或 b) 有一個(gè)很好的非 GPL 實(shí)現(xiàn)可用，那就太好了.
- 我已經(jīng)在很多地方使用了
rand()，所以任何其他生成器最好能證明它需要的所有更改是合理的.
我對(duì)這個(gè)主題不太了解，所以我能想到的唯一選擇是 Mersenne捻線機(jī);它是否滿足所有這些要求?還有什么更好的嗎?
Mersenne Twister 似乎是共識(shí)選擇.但是第 4 點(diǎn)呢?它真的比 rand() 好很多嗎?
編輯 2: 讓我更清楚地說明第 2 點(diǎn):玩家無法通過知道隨機(jī)數(shù)來作弊.時(shí)期.我希望它足夠隨機(jī)，以至于人們(至少那些了解隨機(jī)性的人)不會(huì)抱怨它，但我并不擔(dān)心預(yù)測(cè).這就是為什么我把速度作為首要考慮因素.
編輯 3:我現(xiàn)在傾向于 Marsaglia RNG，但我仍然希望獲得更多的輸入.因此，我正在設(shè)置賞金.
編輯 4: 請(qǐng)注意:我打算在今天 UTC 午夜之前接受一個(gè)答案(以避免弄亂某人的代表上限).因此，如果您正在考慮回答，請(qǐng)不要等到最后一刻！
另外，我喜歡 Marsaglia 的 XORshift 生成器的外觀.有人對(duì)他們有任何意見嗎?
George Marsaglia 有開發(fā)了一些目前可用的最好和最快的 RNGMultiply-with-carry 是一個(gè)值得注意的均勻分布.>
=== 更新 2018-09-12 ===
對(duì)于我自己的工作，我現(xiàn)在使用 Xoshiro256**，這是對(duì) Marsaglia 的 XorShift 的一種進(jìn)化/更新.
=== 更新 2021-02-23 ===
在 .NET 6(目前為預(yù)覽版)中，System.Random 的實(shí)現(xiàn)已更改為使用 xoshiro256**，但僅適用于無參數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù).采用種子的構(gòu)造函數(shù)使用舊的 PRNG 以保持向后兼容性.有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參閱提高隨機(jī)性(性能、API 等)
What is a good random number generator to use for a game in C++?
My considerations are:
- Lots of random numbers are needed, so speed is good.
- Players will always complain about random numbers, but I'd like to be able to point them to a reference that explains that I really did my job.
- Since this is a commercial project which I don't have much time for, it would be nice if the algorithm either a) was relatively easy to implement or b) had a good non-GPL implementation available.
- I'm already using
rand()in quite a lot of places, so any other generator had better be good to justify all the changes it would require.
I don't know much about this subject, so the only alternative I could come up with is the Mersenne Twister; does it satisfy all these requirements? Is there anything else that's better?
Edit: Mersenne Twister seems to be the consensus choice. But what about point #4? Is it really that much better than rand()?
Edit 2: Let me be a little clearer on point 2: There is no way for players to cheat by knowing the random numbers. Period. I want it random enough that people (at least those who understand randomness) can't complain about it, but I'm not worried about predictions. That's why I put speed as the top consideration.
Edit 3: I'm leaning toward the Marsaglia RNGs now, but I'd still like more input. Therefore, I'm setting up a bounty.
Edit 4: Just a note: I intend to accept an answer just before midnight UTC today (to avoid messing with someone's rep cap). So if you're thinking of answering, don't wait until the last minute!
Also, I like the looks of Marsaglia's XORshift generators. Does anyone have any input about them?
George Marsaglia has developed some of the best and fastest RNGs currently available Multiply-with-carry being a notable one for a uniform distribution.
=== Update 2018-09-12 ===
For my own work I'm now using Xoshiro256**, which is a sort of evolution/update on Marsaglia's XorShift.
=== Update 2021-02-23 ===
In .NET 6 (currently in preview) the implementation of System.Random has been changed to use xoshiro256**, but only for the parameterless constructor. The constructor that takes a seed uses the old PRNG in order to maintain backwards compatibility. For more info see Improve Random (performance, APIs, ...)
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